Economia Brasileira Contemporânea

Caracterizada pela diversificação setorial de atividades, já que possui grande e bem desenvolvida agricultura, mineração, manufatura e muitos subsetores de serviços, além de uma classe média em rápida expansão, a economia brasileira supera a de todos os outros países da América do Sul. O Brasil está expandindo sua presença nos mercados mundiais.

Desde 2003, o Brasil tem melhorado a sua estabilidade macroeconômica, ampliado as reservas internacionais, e alongado seu perfil de endividamento, transformando sua dívida em instrumentos denominados em reais. Os empréstimos no mercado interno ampliaram significativamente. Em 2008, o Brasil tornou-se um credor externo líquido e duas agências de rating concederam o grau de investimento para sua dívida.

Após forte crescimento em 2007 e 2008, o início da crise financeira global atingiu o Brasil em 2008. A economia brasileira experimentou dois trimestres de recessão, porque diminuiu a demanda global por exportações baseadas em commodities do Brasil e o crédito externo secou. No entanto, o Brasil foi um dos primeiros mercados emergentes a começar uma recuperação. Em 2010, renasceu a confiança dos consumidores e investidores com o crescimento do PIB atingindo 7,5%, a maior taxa de crescimento nos últimos 25 anos.

O receio do aumento da inflação levou as autoridades monetárias a tomar medidas para esfriar a economia. Essas ações e a situação econômica internacional em deterioração desacelerou o crescimento em 2011-13. O desemprego está em níveis historicamente baixos e o tradicionalmente alto nível de desigualdade de renda no Brasil diminuiu para um dos menores nos últimos dez anos.

Historicamente, as altas taxas de juros do Brasil resultam em um destino atraente para os investidores estrangeiros. Grandes fluxos de capital ao longo dos últimos anos têm contribuído para a apreciação da moeda nacional, prejudicando a competitividade da indústria brasileira e levando o governo a intervir nos mercados cambiais e aumentar os impostos sobre alguns fluxos de capital estrangeiros. A Presidente Dilma Rousseff manteve o compromisso da administração anterior de regime de metas de inflação executado pela política monetária do Banco Central, a taxa de câmbio flutuante e a contenção fiscal.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$2.416 trillion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 8 $2.362 trillion (2012 est.) $2.342 trillion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$2.19 trillion (2013 est.)
GDP – real growth rate:
2.3% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 0.9% (2012 est.) 2.7% (2011 est.)
GDP – per capita (PPP):
$12,100 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 105 $11,900 (2012 est.) $11,900 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars
Gross national saving:
14.8% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 110 15.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
GDP – composition, by end use:
household consumption: 62.5% government consumption: 21.7% investment in fixed capital: 18.3% investment in inventories: 0% exports of goods and services: 12.4% imports of goods and services: -14.9% (2013 est.)
GDP – composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 5.5% industry: 26.4% services: 68.1% (2013 est.)
Agriculture – products:
coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef
Industries:
textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment
Industrial production growth rate:
3% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 99
Labor force:
107.3 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 6
Labor force – by occupation:
agriculture: 15.7% industry: 13.3% services: 71% (2011 est.)
Unemployment rate:
5.7% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 5.5% (2012 est.)
Population below poverty line:
21.4% note: official Brazilian data show 4.2% of the population being below the “extreme” poverty line in 2011 (2009 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 42.9% (2009 est.)
Distribution of family income – Gini index:
51.9 (2012) country comparison to the world: 16 55.3 (2001)
Budget:
revenues: $851.1 billion expenditures: $815.6 billion (2013 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
38.9% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 47
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
1.6% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 21
Public debt:
59.2% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 58.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
6.2% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 180 5.4% (2012 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
10% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 24 11% (31 December 2011 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
26.9% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 2 36.64% (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$157.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 $159.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of broad money:
$870.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 19 $863.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$2.435 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 11 $2.381 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$1.23 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 8 $1.229 trillion (31 December 2011) $1.546 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
Current account balance:
-$77.63 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 191 -$54.23 billion (2012 est.)
Exports:
$244.8 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 $242.6 billion (2012 est.)
Exports – commodities:
transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos
Exports – partners:
China 17%, US 11.1%, Argentina 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2% (2012)
Imports:
$241.4 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 $223.2 billion (2012 est.)
Imports – commodities:
machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics
Imports – partners:
China 15.3%, US 14.6%, Argentina 7.4%, Germany 6.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$378.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 8 $373.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Debt – external:
$475.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 $438.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment – at home:
$663.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 12 $604.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad:
$179.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 $177.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Exchange rates:
reals (BRL) per US dollar – 2.153 (2013 est.) 1.9546 (2012 est.) 1.7592 (2010 est.) 2.0 (2009) 1.8644 (2008)

Ethnic groups:
white 47.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 43.1%, black 7.6%, Asian 1.1%, indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 64.6%, other Catholic 0.4%, Protestant 22.2% (includes Adventist 6.5%, Assembly of God 2.0%, Christian Congregation of Brazil 1.2%, Universal Kingdom of God 1.0%, other Protestant 11.5%), other Christian 0.7%, Spiritist 2.2%, other 1.4%, none 8%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)
Population:
202,656,788 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

 Fonte: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html